Types of coffee machines: what to look for

The enormous choice of coffee machines can feel overwhelming. Which one should you choose for a really good cup? Which specifications matter, and what should you look for? Here is a quick guide to home coffee makers.

Filter coffee machines

A filter machine pours hot water through ground coffee held in a filter. It can prepare a large quantity at once, depending on the jug and water-tank capacity. A hotplate or insulated jug keeps the coffee warm.

Filters need changing or cleaning, and the machine itself needs regular washing. A basic filter machine does not make espresso-based drinks such as cappuccino on its own.

Filter coffee has a different flavour and extraction profile from espresso. A full mug can contain more caffeine than a small espresso, depending on the beans, dose and serving size. This method suits people who regularly brew several cups at once, although a large machine may be less convenient for one small serving.

Espresso machines

An espresso machine forces hot water under pressure through ground coffee, producing a concentrated drink that also forms the basis of many milk coffees. Controlled temperature, pressure, grind and brewing time help create a balanced result. Good extraction is about balance rather than a complete separation of “good” and “bad” substances.

Manual and semi-automatic machines

Lever and portafilter machines appeal to coffee enthusiasts who enjoy controlling the brewing process. Ground coffee goes into the basket in the portafilter, which is locked into the machine before hot water passes through it under pressure.

Many models have baskets for single and double servings, plus a steam wand for frothing milk. When choosing one, consider its operating pressure, temperature stability and, if a grinder is built in, the range and precision of grind settings.

A well-prepared espresso is balanced and slightly oily, topped with the familiar hazelnut-brown crema associated with this brewing method.

Moka pots

Moka pots operate at much lower pressure than espresso machines. They produce strong coffee without espresso-style crema; acidity and flavour depend considerably on the beans and preparation.

Heating water in the lower chamber creates pressure that pushes it through a basket of ground coffee into the upper chamber. Aluminium models are often cheaper, while stainless-steel models are generally more durable. Check compatibility with your hob before buying.

Moka pots make relatively small quantities and typically require around 5–15 minutes, making them a good choice for people who do not need large batches.

Automatic coffee machines

An automatic bean-to-cup machine uses espresso-style pressure but simplifies preparation. Refill the water tank and bean hopper, select your drink and press a button, while remembering regular cleaning and maintenance.

Models offer different levels of automation, reflected in their prices. They are convenient for busy households and workplaces where several people share the machine.

The Cafe Borówka roastery’s range includes a variety of coffee-making equipment.